Full Washed Coffee Processing

Full-wash coffee processing, also known as the wet method, is a popular coffee processing technique that emphasizes the purity of the coffee bean’s inherent flavors. The full-wash process involves a series of steps that remove the cherry skin, pulp, and mucilage to reveal the coffee beans. This method offers a different array of taste profiles compared to other processing methods, such as natural or honey processing. In this article, we explore, “What is full-wash coffee processing?” and delve into the distinctiveness of the full-wash coffee processing method, its steps, pros and cons, renowned producing regions, and brewing and pairing recommendations.

Unique Characteristics of Full-Washed Coffee.

Full-washed coffee processing is distinct from the natural (dry) and honey (pulped natural) methods. While natural processing dries the coffee cherries intact, and honey processing leaves some mucilage on the beans, full-wash processing stands out due to its meticulous approach in removing all layers of the coffee cherry, thus enabling the beans’ inherent flavors to shine through..

Full-wash processing results in clean, bright, and well-defined flavors in the coffee, with more pronounced acidity and a lighter body compared to natural and honey processed coffees. This purity of flavor makes full-wash processed coffees particularly popular among specialty coffee enthusiasts who enjoy exploring the subtle differences between coffee varietals and growing regions

Steps Involved in Full Washed Processing

Full-wash processing begins with the harvest of ripe coffee cherries. The freshly picked cherries are then immersed in water, which helps to sort the cherries based on their ripeness. The ripe cherries sink due to their higher density, while the unripe or defective cherries float and can be easily removed.

After immersion, the ripe cherries are then passed through a depulping machine, which removes the outer skin and pulp, leaving behind the beans encased in a layer of sticky mucilage. Depulping is particularly important for full washed coffee, as it aims for a cleaner and brighter flavor profile.

The depulped beans are then transferred to fermentation tanks, where they are left to ferment for typically 12-48 hours, depending on the ambient temperature and desired flavor profile. The fermentation process helps break down the remaining mucilage, which is then washed off with clean water.

After fermentation, the beans are thoroughly washed to remove the remaining mucilage before they are spread out to dry on patios or raised beds. The drying process can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks, depending on the climate and the target moisture content. Throughout this process, the beans are regularly turned and monitored to ensure uniform drying.

Once the beans have reached the desired moisture content, they are left to rest in a cool, dry place for several weeks to stabilize their flavors. Finally, a process known as hulling removes the remaining protective parchment layer, revealing the green coffee beans. These beans are then sorted, graded, and prepared for shipping to coffee roasters around the globe.

Pros and Cons of Full Washed Processing

Renowned Full-Washed Coffee Producing Regions

Full-washed processing is common in regions with abundant water resources and established coffee infrastructure, such as Colombia, Costa Rica, and Kenya. Here are three notable examples:

1. Colombia’s Huila: Known for its bright acidity and complex flavor profile, full-washed Huila coffee often exhibits notes of red fruit, caramel, and cocoa. This coffee embodies the clean and complex flavors that full-washed processing can achieve.
2. Costa Rica’s Tarrazú: This region produces vibrant and balanced coffees, often characterized by notes of red fruit, brown sugar, and a bright, citrus-like acidity. The meticulous full-washed processing helps to highlight these unique flavor characteristics.
3. Kenya’s Nyeri: Kenyan coffees, particularly those from Nyeri, are celebrated for their vibrant acidity and complex flavor profiles. The full-washed processing method often highlights notes of blackcurrant, citrus, and sweet berries, making this coffee a favorite among specialty coffee enthusiasts.

Brewing Methods and Food Pairings

Full-wash processed coffees are versatile and can work well with various brewing methods. Their clean, bright flavors shine through in pour-over methods like the V60 or Chemex, and in espresso machines. The distinctive acidity and clear flavors are also emphasized when brewed using an AeroPress or a siphon.

As for food pairings, the bright acidity and nuanced flavors of full-wash processed coffees pair well with sweet pastries, creamy desserts, and hearty breakfast dishes. The coffee’s acidity can cut through the richness, providing a balanced and satisfying experience.

Conclusion

Full-washed coffee processing is a method that emphasizes the inherent characteristics of coffee beans, offering a clean and distinct taste. While it may be more resource-intensive, the resulting consistency and clarity in flavor make it a favored choice for many producers and consumers. Understanding the nuances of full-washed processing can enrich your coffee drinking experience and deepen your appreciation for this beloved beverage. So, next time you see the word “Full-wash” on the packaging, you now know what taste you can expect in that cup of coffee.

References:

1. Perfect Daily Grind. (2018). The Coffee Processing Methods Explained. [https://www.perfectdailygrind.com/2018/01/coffee-processing-methods-explained/]
2. Royal Coffee, Inc. (n.d.). Washed Process Coffee: What It Is & Why It’s So Flavorful. [https://royalcoffee.com/washed-process-coffee/]
3. Specialty Coffee Association (SCA): Coffee Processing Methods. [https://sca.coffee/science-education/coffee-processing-methods]
4. James Hoffmann: The World Atlas of Coffee: From Beans to Brewing – Coffees Explored, Explained and Enjoyed.
5. Coffee Confidential: Coffee Processing [https://www.coffeeconfidential.org/processing/]